An Ottoman Turkish translation of Zekeriyyâ el-Kazvînî's Acâibü'l-Mahlûkat ve Garâibü'l-Mevcûdât, the Wonders of Creation: a cosmography of the marvels of everything made — heavens and stars, angels, seas and their islands, animals, stones, plants. This copy is Walters Art Museum W.659, made in 1121 AH / 1717 CE: 608 folios, 263 of them illustrated, in the public domain.
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In Reading, a sentence marked with an asterisk (*) rests on a reading no human has approved yet. The asterisk takes you to the note at the end of the page: how the word was read, what else it could be, and why. Readings settled from context carry no asterisk but keep their note. We would rather show the doubt than guess past it.
So far 27 folios have been read and 3 blank leaves marked. Across them 113 readings await human approval and 111 have been resolved or approved. The English translation is ready for 27 of them.
The manuscript has been around for three hundred years, yet it stays closed to almost every reader. Here each folio has its own address and the text is part of the page itself; nothing to sign up for, nothing to download.
- fol. 1a — Blank leaf
- fol. 1b — Blank leaf
- fol. 2a — Blank leaf
- fol. 2b — Incipit page with illuminated headpiece
- fol. 3a
- fol. 3b
- fol. 4a
- fol. 4b
- fol. 5a
- fol. 5b
- fol. 6a
- fol. 6b
- fol. 7a
- fol. 7b
- fol. 8a
- fol. 8b — Orbit of the moon
- fol. 9a
- fol. 9b — Formation of the crescent of the moon
- fol. 10a — Lunar eclipse
- fol. 10b
- fol. 11a — Orbit of Mercury
- fol. 11b — Mercury
- fol. 12a — Orbit of Venus and Venus
- fol. 12b — Orbit of the sun
- fol. 13a — Symbol of the sun
- fol. 13b — Solar eclipse
- fol. 14a
- fol. 14b — Symbol of Mars
- fol. 15a — Jupiter and Saturn
- fol. 15b — Orbit of the fixed stars
- fol. 16a
- fol. 16b — Ursa Minor and Ursa Major
- fol. 17a — Draco
- fol. 17b — Cepheus and Corona Borealis
- fol. 18a — Corona Borealis and Herculis
- fol. 18b — Lyre and Cygnus
- fol. 19a — Cassiopeia and Perseus
- fol. 19b
- fol. 20a — Serpentarius, Sagitta, and Aquila
- fol. 20b — Delphinus and Equuleus
- fol. 21a — Pegasus and Andromeda
- fol. 21b — Pegasus (caption missing) and Triangulium
- fol. 22a — Aries
- fol. 22b — Taurus and Gemini
- fol. 23a — Cancer and Leo
- fol. 23b — Virgo and Libra
- fol. 24a — Scorpio and Sagittarius
- fol. 24b — Capricorn and Aquarius
- fol. 25a — Pisces and Cetus
- fol. 25b — Orion
- fol. 26a — Eridanus and Lepus
- fol. 26b — Canis Major, Canis Minor, and Argo
- fol. 27a — Hydra, Crater, and Corvus
- fol. 27b — Centaurus and Lupus
- fol. 28a — Ara, Corona Australis, and Pisces Australis
- fol. 28b
- fol. 29a
- fol. 29b
- fol. 30a
- fol. 30b
- fol. 31a
- fol. 31b
- fol. 32a
- fol. 32b
- fol. 33a
- fol. 33b
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- fol. 34b
- fol. 35a
- fol. 35b
- fol. 36a
- fol. 36b
- fol. 37a
- fol. 37b
- fol. 38a
- fol. 38b
- fol. 39a — Diagram showing the distribution and direction of the four winds
- fol. 39b
- fol. 40a
- fol. 40b
- fol. 41a — Rainbow
- fol. 41b
- fol. 42a
- fol. 42b
- fol. 43a — The first two of the four carriers of the firmament (animal and angelic)
- fol. 43b — The second two carriers of the firmament (lion and vulture)
- fol. 44a — A soul symbolized as an angel
- fol. 44b
- fol. 45a — The angel Isrāfīl
- fol. 45b
- fol. 46a — The Archangel Gabriel
- fol. 46b — The Archangel Michael
- fol. 47a
- fol. 47b
- fol. 48a — Two angels
- fol. 48b — Three angels
- fol. 49a — The angels Kalkāʾīl and Shamshāʾīl
- fol. 49b — The angel Rawyāʾīl
- fol. 50a
- fol. 50b — Two angels, with a man in the middle charged to write down his good and bad deeds
- fol. 51a — The angels called Muʿaqqibāt
- fol. 51b — The angels Munkir and Nakīr
- fol. 52a
- fol. 52b — The angels Hārūt and Mārūt hanging as a punishment for being critical of Adam’s fall
- fol. 53a
- fol. 53b
- fol. 54a
- fol. 54b
- fol. 55a
- fol. 55b
- fol. 56a
- fol. 56b
- fol. 57a
- fol. 57b — Hāmān cuts a branch, with a bear on it, for the lion beneath the tree
- fol. 58a
- fol. 58b
- fol. 59a
- fol. 59b
- fol. 60a
- fol. 60b
- fol. 61a
- fol. 61b
- fol. 62a
- fol. 62b
- fol. 63a
- fol. 63b
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- fol. 66b
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- fol. 67b
- fol. 68a
- fol. 68b
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- fol. 69b
- fol. 70a
- fol. 70b
- fol. 71a
- fol. 71b
- fol. 72a
- fol. 72b
- fol. 73a
- fol. 73b
- fol. 74a — Burāq (the Prophet Muḥammad's horse)
- fol. 74b
- fol. 75a
- fol. 75b
- fol. 76a — King Solomon’s horse
- fol. 76b — A horse
- fol. 77a
- fol. 77b
- fol. 78a
- fol. 78b
- fol. 79a
- fol. 79b
- fol. 80a — A lion
- fol. 80b
- fol. 81a — A mule
- fol. 81b
- fol. 82a
- fol. 82b
- fol. 83a
- fol. 83b
- fol. 84a
- fol. 84b — A donkey and a wild ass
- fol. 85a
- fol. 85b
- fol. 86a
- fol. 86b
- fol. 87a
- fol. 87b — A camel
- fol. 88a
- fol. 88b
- fol. 89a
- fol. 89b
- fol. 90a — A cow or a bull
- fol. 90b — A wild cow or bull
- fol. 91a
- fol. 91b — A buffalo
- fol. 92a — A giraffe
- fol. 92b — A sheep
- fol. 93a — A goat
- fol. 93b — A gazelle
- fol. 94a
- fol. 94b — A wild goat
- fol. 95a — A jackal
- fol. 95b — A weasel
- fol. 96a — A rabbit and a tiger
- fol. 96b
- fol. 97a
- fol. 97b
- fol. 98a
- fol. 98b — A fox and a young billy goat
- fol. 99a
- fol. 99b
- fol. 100a
- fol. 100b — A pig (hog)
- fol. 101a
- fol. 101b — A bear and a hay-weasel
- fol. 102a
- fol. 102b
- fol. 103a
- fol. 103b — A wolf and a gray squirrel
- fol. 104a — An elephant-like animal
- fol. 104b
- fol. 105a — A cat
- fol. 105b — A wild cat and an animal called sīrāyis
- fol. 106a — An animal with one horn (name illegible)
- fol. 106b
- fol. 107a — A hyena and a lynx
- fol. 107b — A cheetah
- fol. 108a
- fol. 108b
- fol. 109a — An elephant
- fol. 109b — An ermine
- fol. 110a
- fol. 110b
- fol. 111a — A monkey
- fol. 111b
- fol. 112a — A rhinoceros
- fol. 112b
- fol. 113a — A dog
- fol. 113b — A leopard
- fol. 114a — An animal called nāmūr and a marten (sable)
- fol. 114b
- fol. 115a — A turkey and a bird called abū harūz
- fol. 115b
- fol. 116a — A duck
- fol. 116b — A hawk and a sparrow hawk
- fol. 117a
- fol. 117b
- fol. 118a — A parrot and a nightingale
- fol. 118b
- fol. 119a — An owl
- fol. 119b — A pheasant and a bird called tabūṭ
- fol. 120a — A bird called ḥāḍinat al-afʿá (viper’s dry nurse)
- fol. 120b — A bustard
- fol. 121a
- fol. 121b
- fol. 122a — A kite
- fol. 122b
- fol. 123a
- fol. 123b
- fol. 124a — A pigeon
- fol. 124b — A swift
- fol. 125a — Two swallows
- fol. 125b
- fol. 126a — Two bats and a francolin (a kind of partridge)
- fol. 126b
- fol. 127a
- fol. 127b — A rooster
- fol. 128a
- fol. 128b — A hen
- fol. 129a — An eagle
- fol. 129b — A crow
- fol. 130a — A starling, a quail, and a royal falcon
- fol. 130b — A bird called shafatīn, a green magpie, and a singing bird
- fol. 131a — A saker and a sea gull
- fol. 131b — A peacock and a kind of partridge
- fol. 132a — A sparrow
- fol. 132b
- fol. 133a — An eagle and a magpie
- fol. 133b — A fabulous (legendary) bird such as a griffon or sīmurgh
- fol. 134a — A raven
- fol. 134b — A crane and a heron (?)
- fol. 135a — A ring-dove, a partridge, and a hoopoe
- fol. 135b — A sand-grouse and a turtle-dove
- fol. 136a — An Indian bird called qūqīs and a crane
- fol. 136b — An Indian owl, a stork, and a heron
- fol. 137a — A bird called makā and a vulture
- fol. 137b — An ostrich and a bat
- fol. 138a — A bird called yurāʿah (?) and a turtle-dove
- fol. 138b
- fol. 139a — A viper
- fol. 139b — A large serpent and a locust
- fol. 140a — A lizard
- fol. 140b — Earthworms, a beetle, and a snake
- fol. 141a — A turtle and a strange animal called ḍājah
- fol. 141b — A scorpion and a mouse
- fol. 142a — A hedgehog and an insect called maḥl
- fol. 142b — Two ants and two strange creatures that fly and live on islands
- fol. 143a — A camel and three strange single-handed and single-legged creatures
- fol. 143b — The demon ʿŪj ibn ʿUnuq carries a mountain with which to kill Moses and his men
- fol. 144a — The creatures dabbābī (half-man, half-bear) and ḍabaghī (half-wolf, half-hyena)
- fol. 144b
- fol. 145a — The creatures dhū raʾsayn (with two heads), ḥayyat al-nās (a snake with a human head), and lā raʾs (with no head)
- fol. 145b — The men shaykh al-baḥr (sheik of the sea) and insān-i barr (man of the desert)
- fol. 146a — The creatures zāgh abū ʿujwah (half-crow, half-man) and dhū al-badanayn (having two bodies)
- fol. 146b — A two-winged fox
- fol. 147a
- fol. 147b
- fol. 148a
- fol. 148b — A winged animal of Dhābikh Island and a red animal of Vaynah (Vīnah?) (Sea of China)
- fol. 149a — Two-winged creatures of Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
- fol. 149b — Inhabitants of Dāmīnī and Vaynah (Vīnah?) islands
- fol. 150a — Queen of the island of Vāqvāq
- fol. 150b
- fol. 151a — Two jinni of Aṭūrān Island and three pygmies found in the sea
- fol. 151b — A fabulous creature from Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
- fol. 152a — A fish and a large snake from Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
- fol. 152b
- fol. 153a
- fol. 153b
- fol. 154a
- fol. 154b — Palace on Qaṣr Island (Indian Ocean)
- fol. 155a — Two neckless inhabitants of Ḥānah Island
- fol. 155b — Dragon of Tannīn Island and horned rabit
- fol. 156a
- fol. 156b — Three types of fish from around Vaynah (Vīnah?) Island
- fol. 157a
- fol. 157b
- fol. 158a — Two fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
- fol. 158b
- fol. 159a
- fol. 159b — A huge bird carries a man on its back
- fol. 160a
- fol. 160b — A huge fish
- fol. 161a — A fish with the head of an owl
- fol. 161b
- fol. 162a
- fol. 162b
- fol. 163a — A sick person and creatures of Saksār Island
- fol. 163b — A long-legged person who climbs on the shoulders of strangers
- fol. 164a — A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
- fol. 164b — A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
- fol. 165a
- fol. 165b
- fol. 166a — A half-human, half-frog creature
- fol. 166b — A fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
- fol. 167a
- fol. 167b
- fol. 168a
- fol. 168b — Two strange fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seas
- fol. 169a
- fol. 169b
- fol. 170a
- fol. 170b — A dragon of the Caspian Sea
- fol. 171a — The monster of the Caspian Sea
- fol. 171b — A sea-rabbit
- fol. 172a — A man of the sea
- fol. 172b — A bull of the sea
- fol. 173a — A crocodile
- fol. 173b — Three fish
- fol. 174a — A sea crab
- fol. 174b — A skink
- fol. 175a — A dragon
- fol. 175b — A turtle
- fol. 176a — Two fish called sayūṭ and saqnīn and a frog
- fol. 176b — A water-horse
- fol. 177a — An animal called fāṭūs, another called qanṭā, and a beaver
- fol. 177b — Two fish called qunfadh al-māʾ (water-hedgehog) and qūqī
- fol. 178a — A water-dog and a swordfish
- fol. 178b
- fol. 179a
- fol. 179b
- fol. 180a
- fol. 180b
- fol. 181a
- fol. 181b
- fol. 182a — Mount Bīstūn and the carvings of Khusraw, Shīrīn, and Farhād (?)
- fol. 182b
- fol. 183a
- fol. 183b
- fol. 184a
- fol. 184b
- fol. 185a
- fol. 185b
- fol. 186a
- fol. 186b
- fol. 187a — Aaron, the brother of Moses, and two angels
- fol. 187b
- fol. 188a
- fol. 188b
- fol. 189a
- fol. 189b — The talisman of Nahāvand: water pouring out of the mouths of a cow and a fish
- fol. 190a
- fol. 190b — The monster of Gog and Magog
- fol. 191a
- fol. 191b
- fol. 192a
- fol. 192b
- fol. 193a
- fol. 193b
- fol. 194a
- fol. 194b
- fol. 195a
- fol. 195b
- fol. 196a — A man measures the level of the water in the Nile
- fol. 196b
- fol. 197a
- fol. 197b
- fol. 198a
- fol. 198b
- fol. 199a
- fol. 199b
- fol. 200a
- fol. 200b
- fol. 201a
- fol. 201b
- fol. 202a — A king of Yaman in the company of two angels
- fol. 202b
- fol. 203a
- fol. 203b — A myrtle tree
- fol. 204a — An ebony tree
- fol. 204b — A citron tree
- fol. 205a — A plum tree and a cypress tree
- fol. 205b — An acacia tree and a turpentine tree
- fol. 206a — A balsam tree and an oak tree
- fol. 206b — An apple tree
- fol. 207a — A tree called tanūth and a mulberry tree
- fol. 207b — A fig tree
- fol. 208a — A wild fig tree and a walnut tree
- fol. 208b — A peach tree and a tree called dār shīshʿān
- fol. 209a — A plane tree and a pomegranate tree
- fol. 209b — An olive tree
- fol. 210a — A quince tree, a cypress tree, and a sumac tree
- fol. 210b — A red juniper tree and a cherry tree
- fol. 211a — A chestnut tree and a sandal tree
- fol. 211b — A pine tree and a terebinth tree
- fol. 212a — A tamarisk tree and a juniper tree
- fol. 212b — A milky plant and an oak tree
- fol. 213a — A jujube tree and an aloeswood tree
- fol. 213b — Fruit (ghabīrā) of a tree called ghabrā and a poplar tree (gharab)
- fol. 214a — Pistachio of Syria and pepper of India
- fol. 214b — A plant called qarnafīl
- fol. 215a — A camphor tree
- fol. 215b — A pear tree and lāghiyah plants
- fol. 216a — A frankincense tree and an almond tree
- fol. 216b
- fol. 217a — A lemon tree
- fol. 217b
- fol. 218a — An apricot tree and a banana tree
- fol. 218b — An orange tree and a coconut tree
- fol. 219a — A lotus tree
- fol. 219b — A palm tree
- fol. 220a — A jasmine bush and a rose bush
- fol. 220b
- fol. 221a
- fol. 221b
- fol. 222a
- fol. 222b — A grape vine and a plant called the ears of the mouse
- fol. 223a — A plant called azarbūn and a plant called adkhar
- fol. 223b — Rice, spinach, wild onion, and camel’s thorn (?)
- fol. 224a — A plant called ishrāsh, saltwort, and wormwood
- fol. 224b — Chamomile, a plant called ashkūth, another type of chamomile called bābūnaj, and a plant called bādhāvard
- fol. 225a — Two types of mountain balm and a broad bean
- fol. 225b — An eggplant, a plant called parsiyāvushān, and dungwort
- fol. 226a — An onion plant
- fol. 226b — Melon, garlic, and violets
- fol. 227a — A plant called bavādīs and a plant called bahār
- fol. 227b — A plant called bīsh (poisonous, resembling ginger) and Egyptian bean
- fol. 228a — Garlic, millet, and watercress
- fol. 228b — Mace, a thorny plant called ḥāj, and thyme
- fol. 229a — A plant called ḥarf, artichoke, wild rue, and a prickly plant that clings to the wool of sheep
- fol. 229b — Fenugreek, chickpea, and melilot
- fol. 230a — A colocynth plant
- fol. 230b — Wheat and hellebore
- fol. 231a — Mustard, lettuce, and poppy
- fol. 231b — Saffron of the fox, dog’s testicle, and marshmallow
- fol. 232a — A poisonous plant called diflá, red bramble, and cucumber
- fol. 232b — Yellow wallflower and a plant called zāzyābaj
- fol. 233a — Sweet basil, rhubarb, and Indian spikenard
- fol. 233b — Saffron, rue, and lily of the valley
- fol. 234a — Red anemones and turnip
- fol. 234b — Spurge and sowbread
- fol. 235a
- fol. 235b — Darnel, sesame, and wild thyme
- fol. 236a — Tarragon, lentil, and fox grapes
- fol. 236b — Radish and a plant called qarfaj
- fol. 237a — A plant called fajankast (?), mint, and tragacanth
- fol. 237b — Cotton, a plant called qashshā, safflower, and wild qashshā
- fol. 238a — Hemp, cauliflower, and southernwood
- fol. 238b — Ox tongue, flax, and leek
- fol. 239a — Meadow vetch, celery, and a plant called karūbā
- fol. 239b — Coriander, a plant called kakrāsah (?), cumin, and mushrooms
- fol. 240a — English ivy, plantain, and common ash
- fol. 240b — Mandrake, green beans, a plant called līnūfir (?), and Indian pulse (a sort of vetch)
- fol. 241a — A Persian plant called mādharyūn
- fol. 241b — Cherry, a plant called mazarbikhūsh (?), and spikenard
- fol. 242a — Three plants: narcissus (narjis), aniseed (nānkhvā), and wild rose (nasrīn)
- fol. 242b — Peppermint and asparagus
- fol. 243a — Wild chicory, a Yemeni plant called wars, and a variety of squash or pumpkin
- fol. 243b
- fol. 244a
- fol. 244b
- fol. 245a
- fol. 245b
- fol. 246a
- fol. 246b
- fol. 247a
- fol. 247b
- fol. 248a
- fol. 248b
- fol. 249a
- fol. 249b
- fol. 250a
- fol. 250b
- fol. 251a
- fol. 251b
- fol. 252a
- fol. 252b
- fol. 253a
- fol. 253b
- fol. 254a
- fol. 254b
- fol. 255a
- fol. 255b
- fol. 256a
- fol. 256b — A crow (sitting on a tree), a rabbit, and a cat
- fol. 257a
- fol. 257b — A parrot (sitting on a bull), a fish, and a snake
- fol. 258a
- fol. 258b
- fol. 259a
- fol. 259b
- fol. 260a
- fol. 260b
- fol. 261a
- fol. 261b
- fol. 262a
- fol. 262b
- fol. 263a
- fol. 263b
- fol. 264a
- fol. 264b
- fol. 265a
- fol. 265b — The king of the jinnis enthroned in the company of two attendants
- fol. 266a
- fol. 266b
- fol. 267a
- fol. 267b — The lion king surrounded by his subjects
- fol. 268a
- fol. 268b
- fol. 269a
- fol. 269b — A meeting of the birds
- fol. 270a
- fol. 270b
- fol. 271a — A group of birds
- fol. 271b
- fol. 272a
- fol. 272b — An eel, a frog, a turtle, and other animals
- fol. 273a
- fol. 273b — A dragon, a lizard, and other animals
- fol. 274a
- fol. 274b
- fol. 275a
- fol. 275b
- fol. 276a
- fol. 276b
- fol. 277a — A camel being presented to an enthroned king
- fol. 277b
- fol. 278a
- fol. 278b
- fol. 279a
- fol. 279b
- fol. 280a
- fol. 280b
- fol. 281a
- fol. 281b
- fol. 282a
- fol. 282b
- fol. 283a
- fol. 283b
- fol. 284a
- fol. 284b
- fol. 285a
- fol. 285b
- fol. 286a — A fox in the company of an enthroned king
- fol. 286b
- fol. 287a
- fol. 287b
- fol. 288a
- fol. 288b
- fol. 289a
- fol. 289b
- fol. 290a
- fol. 290b
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- fol. 304b